Kutheni Ityala Elide? Imbali ekhawulezileyo yeewotshi zikaTatomkhulu

Iiwotshi zizinto zokuhombisa ezithandwayo kwezi ntsuku, kodwa ngaba ukho omnye umntu ngaphandle kukaMongameli wethu osebenzisa iwotshi endala? Iwotshi katatomkhulu weOval Office (umfanekiso 1), eyenziwe malunga ne-1800 ngabenzi befanitshala abaziwayo baseBoston, uye walifumana igumbi elingagungqiyo ukusukela ngo-1975, ebolekisa uhlobo lweecravitas ezimnandi kwindawo. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye iwotshi katatomkhulu? Makhe sijonge kwimbali yezi wotshi kunye nebali elimangalisayo emva kwegama labo.

(Ityala lemifanekiso: Unyango lweNdlu)

Ityala elide, okanye iwotshi yomgangatho yaqanjwa phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-17, emva kokuba uChristian Huygens amisele indlela apho umenzi wewotshi wayenokwenza i-pendulum eyayiza kugqiba ukujija omnye ngomzuzwana. Ngaphambi kolu phuculo, iiwotshi zazinikwa amandla obunzima okanye imithombo, kwaye akukho namnye kubo owayenokuthenjwa ngokukodwa. Ukuchaneka, nangona kunjalo, i-pendulum kwafuneka ibe nde, yiyo loo nto imeko ende. Nangona iiwotshi zakuqala ze-pendulum zazingathembeki ngokugqibeleleyo, zilahlekelwe lixesha suku ngalunye, kwaye zifuna ukwenzakala rhoqo, yayisengokuphucuka kwabagcini bexesha elidlulileyo.

Ayisiyo kuphela iwotshi yamaxesha amade abalindi bexesha, ikwangamathuba amatsha okuhombisa. Ngeli xesha, iiwotshi ezininzi zexesha elide zibonisa indawo encinci yesisu apho i-pendulum swung, kubandakanya ifestile ukuze umntu abukele ukuhamba kwayo-obu buchwephesha butsha, indibaniselwano yefiziksi kunye nezibalo kunye nobugcisa obuhle, kufanele ukuba bekumnandi ukujonga ( imifanekiso 2-5). Njengokuba amashumi eminyaka eqhubela phambili kwaye nezitayile zitshintshile, iiwotshi ezinde ziyaqhubeka ukubonelela ngethuba lokuhonjiswa kwefashoni.

Kwakungekho ngo-1876 ukuba iiwotshi zamatyala ezide zaziwa ngokuba ziiwotshi zomkhulu, ngenxa yengoma eyaziwayo esekwe kwimbali eyinyani endiya kuyibalisa ngeyona toni yam yomlilo. Ibali lethu lenzeka eGeorge Hotel eMantla Yorkshire, eNgilane, ngeminyaka yoo-1820. Abantakwabo Jenkins babaleka ihotele, kwaye babenewotshi ende enecala elidume kakubi. KODWA. Ukusweleka komnye wabazalwana iwotshi yaqala ukusebenza kancinci . Lo mzalwana usaphilayo wayeneewotshi nezixhobo zokuzihlaziya ngaphakathi, kodwa iwotshi yayihlala ilahla ixesha, iyure suku ngalunye. Emva koko, xa umntakwabo wesibini wasweleka, eneminyaka engama-90 ubudala… iwotshi iyekile ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza .

Kwiminyaka ye-1870, umbhali wengoma waseMelika ogama linguHenry Clay Work wayehlala eGeorge kwaye waliva ibali emva kwewotshi endala emisiweyo. Ingoma ayibhalileyo, ephefumlelwe libali likaJenkins, yabizwa Clock kaTatomkhulu , kwaye waba yeyona ngoma yakhe yaziwa kakhulu, ethengisa ngaphezulu kwesigidi seekopi zomculo wephepha eMelika. Nantsi ivesi yokuqala:

Iwotshi katat'omkhulu yayinkulu kakhulu kwishelufu,
Yema ke iminyaka engamashumi alithoba emgangathweni;
Wawumde ngesiqingatha kunendoda endala ngokwakhe,
Nangona ingalinganiswanga ipennyweight ngaphezulu.
Wathengwa ngentsasa yomhla wokuzalwa kwakhe.
Kwaye wayehlala enobuncwane kunye nekratshi;
Kodwa yema kancinci- ungaze uphinde uhambe-
Kusweleke indoda endala.

Imithombo : Namhlanje, uninzi lweewotshi ootatomkhulu ozibonayo zisitayile senkulungwane ye-19, inyanzeliswa kwaye inzima (imifanekiso 1 & 6), kodwa zininzi izinto ezahlukeneyo phaya. Ukuba ufuna i-antique fide, kukho ezayo Ifandesi ngoSeptemba 26 eChristie eLondon, apho iiwotshi zokuqala ezibalulekileyo kulindeleke ukuba zithathe amashumi amawaka eedola. Ukuba unesimbo saseSweden (umfanekiso 7), unokufumana iqela 1dibs , Nto leyo nayo uthwele ezimbalwa uhlaziyo mihla sexy ewotshi utatomkhulu, ngathi jb-umlenze UGeorge Nelson Inguqulelo evela ngo-1958 (umfanekiso 10). Kwinto eyahluke ngokupheleleyo, iwotshi eprintiweyo (umfanekiso 9) yeyona wotshi isebenza, iyafumaneka Abafumani Bentengiso eKentucky. Ngakumbi malunga noHenry Clay Work kunye nengoma yakhe, yiya kwinqaku elonwabisayo likaHenry Zecher Apha , ezibandakanya imifanekiso yewotshi yasekuqaleni yeJenkins.

12 12 elithetha ukubala

Imifanekiso : 1 Unyango lweZindlu; 2 IZiko likaGetty ; 3 IMyuziyam yaseMetropolitan yoBugcisa ; 4 IVictoria kunye neAlbert Museum ; 5 Sotheby ’s ; 6 Sotheby ’s ; 7 Ifama yaseBrabourne ; 8 U-Luca ufunyenwe nge Umnqweno wokuKhuthaza ; 9 Igorha elitsha laseVictoria ; 10 1dibs .

U-Anna Hoffman

Umnikeli