Ngaphezulu nje konyaka ophelileyo, uDani Rosenthal wayekwindlela enqamlezileyo. Emva kokuchitha ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 esebenza kwiinkampani zasekhaya kunye nezambatho, wayejonge ukushiya ubomi besixeko kwaye achithe ixesha elininzi eLake Arrowhead, eCalifornia, apho usapho lwakhe lwaluneengcambu ezingamashumi eminyaka. Wayeyithanda uyilo kunye nokulungiswa kwembali, kwaye wayefuna ukukhulisa le midla. Emva kokuthetha nabahlobo kunye namalungu osapho, wacinga ukuba mhlawumbi ukuba ngumthengisi wearhente yezindlu kungalinyathelo elilandelayo.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho into emnike ikhefu:
Umfanekiso oboniswa ngamajelo eendaba, ubukhulu becala abesilisa abalawulayo nabanobuntu obugqithisileyo, banele ukoyikisa umfazi ngaphandle kokulandela ikhondo lomsebenzi wokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba, utshilo uRosenthal.
Ugqibe ekubeni azame nokuba kunjalo. Kwaye unyaka omnye njengo-Realtor nge Wheeler Steffen Sotheby's Ubunyani beHlabathi , URosenthal ufumanisa, endaweni yokoyikisa, ishishini ligcwele yintlonipho kunye nenkxaso kubafazi abasebenza kuyo.
Mhlawumbi oku akufuneki kumangalise, njengoko ishishini lokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba lase-U.S ilawulwa ngabafazi: Ngokuka UMbutho weSizwe weeRealtors Ukusukela ngoMeyi 2018, iipesenti ezingama-63 zabo bonke abantu ababuyiselwayo bangamabhinqa. A Isifundo sikaTulia sika-2011 kufunyaniswe ukuba baninzi abafazi abaqeqeshiweyo bezindlu nomhlaba kurhulumente wonke kunamadoda abaqeqeshi bezindlu. Kwamanye amazwe, njengaseMzantsi Dakota naseNebraska, kukho malunga neepesenti ezingama-48 ngaphezulu kwabasetyhini abathengisa izindlu nomrhwebi kunamadoda. Kumazwe afana ne-Oklahoma neMississippi-ethi yona iTrulia lelona shishini lilawulwa ngabantu ababhinqileyo elizweni-elo nani linyuka laya kuma kuma-64 eepesenti.
10 * .10
Kodwa abafazi babengasoloko bebalasele ekuthengiseni amakhaya. Ngoku ka Imbali ye-NAR yabasetyhini kwi-Real Estate . Ilungu labo lokuqala labasetyhini, uCorrine Simpson, umrhwebi ovela eSeattle, eWashington, ngekhe ajoyine de kube li-1910.
Abasetyhini khange babe ngabarhwebi ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kuba bebekuthanda ukuthengisa amakhaya. Njengabafazi kwimbali yonke, abasetyhini bokuqala baba ngabarhwebi ngenxa yexakeka ezazifuna ukuba bafumane imali kwiintsapho zabo, ubhala watsho uJeffrey M. Hornstein kwincwadi yakhe. Isizwe seRealtors®: Imbali yeNkcubeko yeklasi yama-20 aseMelika. Kwenzekile nje ukuba, ngeli xesha, imisebenzi emitsha yekhola emhlophe ekhuselweyo yarhuqa imarike ngenxa yokuhambela phambili kwezobuchwephesha-imisebenzi eyayibonakala ikhuselekile kubafazi ukuyibamba kunaleyo ikumzi-mveliso. Ukongeza, iingcinga ezixhaphakileyo zelo xesha ezenza ukuthengisa amakhaya umsebenzi owamkelekileyo eluntwini kubafazi: ishishini lokuya kubazali, umbono wokuba ishishini linokuzuza ngokuziphatha kwabafazi kunye nokukhulisa ubuqaqawuli kunye nolwazi lwabo kuzo zonke izinto zasekhaya, kunye nokuzimela ngokukhululekileyo. uluvo lokuba abantu basetyhini bayakwazi njengamadoda. Kuba abafazi babenamakhaya, yayisengqiqweni into yokuba babenokuzithengisa (okanye, kwezinye iimeko, bancede amadoda azithengise.)
Kwaye nangona imibutho efana ne-NAR ingakhange ibathintele ngokucacileyo abantu basetyhini ekujoyineni, imibutho ifuna ubulungu bebhodi yendawo yokuhlala, kunye neebhodi uyenzile ngokucacileyo thintela abafazi. Ke, njengamaxesha amaninzi kwimbali, abafazi bagqiba kwelokuba benze imibutho yabo yobungcali, njengePortland Ukuhlaziya .
Ngelishwa, Ukudakumba Okukhulu kumise inkqubela phambili yabasetyhini kushishino ishumi leminyaka. UHornstein ubhala ukuba malunga nesibini kwisithathu sabarhwebi ababhinqileyo bashiya intsimi phakathi kuka-1930 no-1940.
Nangona kunjalo, ngoo-1940, abasetyhini baphindaphinda kabini ukuba ngabasetyhini kuphela ababenendima ebekiweyo njengabagcini bezinto zeriphabliki ngokukhusela amakhaya, ngaloo ndlela bexhasa ibango labo njengabathengisi bamakhaya. Abasetyhini babambe ezi zikhundla emva kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, bethatha ithuba lokungena kwamakhaya amatsha osapho angatshatanga ekwakhiweni emadolophini kunye nokunyuka okuhambelana nobunini bemizi emva kokusekwa kwemali-mboleko ye-VA. (Ngelishwa, iarhente yokuthengiswa kwezindlu kunye nabasetyhini yayiyeyona nto iphambili yokuqhubela phambili izindlu zoluntu ngokubanzi !)
Ingelosi inombolo 1222 intsingiselo
Njengokuba abasetyhini emsebenzini befumana amandla kwezopolitiko ngombutho wenkululeko wabasetyhini, bafumana amathuba amaninzi kwizindlu nomhlaba. Ngo-1973, HLANGANISA ubulungu obandisiweyo obuvela kubarhwebi kuphela ukuya kwiiarhente zentengiso, ezenze ukuba abaninzi bakulungele ubulungu. Ngo-1978, uninzi lwamalungu e-NAR yayingabafazi. Ngo-1980, phantse ama-300,000 abasetyhini babengabarhwebi bezindlu, besenza iipesenti ezingama-45 zeshishini.
Ke kutheni le nto abafazi banamhlanje behlala betsalelekile ekuhlaleni izindlu nomhlaba? Ngokubanzi izizathu ezifanayo abazenzileyo kwii-1920s: Ngokutsho kwabo bakushishino, ubomi njengearhente yokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba inikezela enye yeeshedyuli ezibhetyebhetye kwiintsapho, umvuzo olungileyo, kunye nomqobo ophantsi ekungeneni. Ihlala ikukukhetha okuhle kwabasetyhini abafuna utshintsho lomsebenzi okanye umsebenzi wesibini wexeshana.
UVeronica Figueroa wayifumana ilayisensi yakhe yokuthengiswa kwezindlu kwangoko emva kokuthweswa isidanga kwikholeji e2001 yokusebenzisa iOrlando, imarike eyaziwayo yeFlorida. Kodwa akazange ayisebenzise kude kube yi-2004, xa uFigueroa kunye nomyeni wakhe bathatha isigqibo sokuqhawula umtshato. Waqala ukubuza ukuba angawugcina njani umgangatho wobomi ofanayo wabantwana bakhe ngesiqingatha sengeniso. Ke, ecaleni komsebenzi wakhe osisigxina, waqala umsebenzi wesingxungxo njengearhente yendawo yokuhlala. Kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala, wenza i-11 000 leedola. Ekupheleni konyaka wakhe wokuqala, wenza i-66 000 yeedola.
Yayiyimali engaphezulu kunokuba bendisenza njengomqeshwa, utshilo uFigueroa. Eli xabiso lenze ukuba avavanye ukuba angakwazi ukwenza izindlu ngokusisigxina. Enye yezona zinto zitsala kakhulu? Ukuba bhetyebhetye kwamnika njengomama ongatshatanga-wayenokuchitha ixesha lakhe kwimiboniso yeeshedyuli zabantwana bakhe. Kunyaka wakhe wesibini, wenza ngaphezulu kwe- $ 100,000. Njengabafazi benkulungwane yokuqala yama-20, uthi kwa ezo zinto zimenza ukuba abe ngumama obalaseleyo (ukuzimisela kwakhe kunye nobunkokheli kunye nezakhono zokukhulisa) kumenza abe ngumthengisi omkhulu wezindlu.
[Ukuthengiswa kwezindlu kungqina ukuba] Ndisengaphumelela nangona bendiqhawule umtshato, kwaye bendisafuna ukuba ngumama obalaseleyo kwaye ndinike abantwana bam yonke into ebafaneleyo, utsho.
Kwiminyaka ephantse ibe li-15 ukusukela oko, u-Figueroa ugcine ukukhula okumangalisayo kumzi mveliso wokuthengiswa kwezindlu. Uqalise inkampani yakhe yokuthengisa, iqela le Figueroa , ngo-2007, waba lilungu lodweliso lokuqala ngo-2012, kwaye ngoku ungomnye wabameli abangama-20 base-US IBhodi yeNgcebiso yeZillow .
Ngelixa iarhente yokuthengiswa kwezindlu inokuba luncedo kakhulu kwiminyaka embalwa ezantsi emgceni, ayisoloko ingowona msebenzi ulula ukuqala: Hedda Parashos Indawo yokwakhiwa kwePalisade eSan Diego, eCalifornia , uthe wayenonyaka wokuqala onzima. Njengomama wasekhaya kunye nabantwana ababini, waziva ukuba ufuna ukukhula okungakumbi ngaphandle kwekhaya, ke wajonga ukufumana ilayisensi yokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba. UParashos uthathe iiklasi kwi-Intanethi kwaye wafumana iphepha-mvume kwisithuba seenyanga ezintathu, ekuqaleni ekholelwa ukuba iya kuba ngumsebenzi wesingxungxo olula.
Okwangoku, kwamthatha unyaka wonke ukuvala isivumelwano kwikhaya lakhe lokuqala. Kwakudinisa ngokwenyani, kwakunzima ngenene- ndiye ndabona ukuba abantu abayikukukhathalela de ube unamava ngokwaneleyo, utshilo uParashos.
5:55 pm
Kodwa uParashos wayehlala ekhuthazeka ukuba aphile kwaye achithe ixesha elisemgangathweni nabantwana bakhe.
Ukuze aqonde ngcono ukuba anganyuka njani ngokukhawuleza kwishishini emva konyaka onzima kangako, wandwendwela indawo yakhe yokubonisa uluhlu lweenkonzo ukuba athathe izifundo, afunde yonke i-imeyile ephathelene nomhlaba nomhlaba, afunde icandelo leshishini lephephandaba, kwaye afikelele kumagosa emali mboleko kunye namagosa okungena ukuze axoxe ngezemali kwabo banokuba ngabathengi.
Njengoko efumana izakhono, waqala ukuvala imicimbi. Wenza ikhomishini yakhe yokuqala eyi-100,000. Ukuzithemba kwakhe kwakhula.
Gcina Ncamathisela Bona eminye imifanekiso (Ityala lemifanekiso: Ngokunyanisekileyo uHedda Parashos )
Kwiminyaka elishumi elinambini kamva, uParashos ngoku uyintloko yearhente yakhe. Ucacisa i-naivete yakhe yokuqala njengesixhobo sokuqhuba esamvumela ukuba afike apho akhoyo namhlanje:
Ndikwazile ukuba nobuchule obuncinci bokuyila, kwaye kancinci kancinci-ndikwazile ukuzama iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzama ukuba zenzeke, utshilo. Ingqondo yam yayingangcoliswanga luluvo lwabanye abantu okanye amava; Ndimele ndiyifumene ngendlela yam.
Nangona ukuba ngumthengisi wearhente yokuthengiswa kwezindlu kunika ukwanda kokuguquguquka ngaphezulu kweminye imisebenzi ye-9-to-5, ayikapheleli. UMaria Koziakov wafumana ilayisensi yokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo, xa wayekhulelwe umntwana wakhe wokuqala. Wayenethemba lokuba uza kukwazi ukukhulisa usapho lwakhe kwaye akwazi ukuziphilisa. Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa wayenokubeka ezinye zeeyure zakhe, iintsuku zakhe zazisekugqibeleni kwinceba yabathengi bakhe.
Ishedyuli eguqukayo ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yinzuzo, kodwa icala eliphantsi kukuba kufuneka usebenze ngokuhlwa nangeempelaveki, utshilo uKoziakov. Inokungaqiniseki. Ufumana umnxeba kwaye kufuneka ubonise indlu kwiiyure ezimbalwa ezizayo. Ukuba umthengi usezidolophini iintsuku ezimbalwa kuphela, awunakho ukubuyisela kwakhona umboniso.
Kukuphithizela rhoqo, uthi: Ulawulo lwexesha ngumba omkhulu kwaye kuyakuhlala kukho uluhlu olungathengisiyo kunye nezahlulo eziwela.
Ukongeza, nangona abasetyhini behlala begqwesa kwizindlu zokuhlala, kodwa bavaliwe ngaphandle kwezorhwebo. Ngokophando luka-2015 oluvela kwi- Abafazi beNtengiso yeNtengiso yezeNtengiso (CREW) Inethiwekhi, iipesenti ezingama-23 kuphela zokuqeshisa kunye nabathengisi e-US yayingabafazi. Ukongeza, abasetyhini abasebenza kwintengiso yokuthengiswa kwezindlu nomhlaba ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, ukungalingani kwemivuzo, kunye namathuba angalinganiyo noontanga abangamadoda .
Nangona zikho iingozi emsebenzini eziza nokusebenza nabathengi kunye nokuba yedwa njengabafazi, izehlo zinqabile. Kunyaka omnye, u-Rosenthal uthi ufumene ubusi kunye ne-sweetie (ezenza ukuba abenomzuzwana okomzuzwana), kodwa akakafumani oko akholelwa ukuba kuyinyani, amava ahlawuliswa ngokwesini.
Nangona oku kunokuba ngamava akhe, uRosenthal ucinga ukuba isenokuba kungenxa yokuba baninzi abantu basetyhini abajonga abanye abantu basetyhini kolu shishino.
intsingiselo yeengelosi ezingama-222
Kukho ijika elikhulu lokufunda, kodwa kuluncedo kakhulu ukuba nomzekelo omhle kunye / okanye nomcebisi ekuqaleni, utshilo.
U-Figueroa uyavuma: Lixesha elihle lokuba kwizindlu nomhlaba; Njengomfazi, isebenzisana ngakumbi kunangaphambili, utshilo, ecaphula IBhunga laBasetyhini labaNxibelelanisi kwaye Umfazi Phakama! inkomfa . Abasetyhini baxhobisana ngakumbi kunanini na ngaphambili: Fumana umcebisi omkhulu, fumana iqela leenkokheli ezinkulu, fumana umthengisi omkhulu, kwaye ubamamele-baya kukunceda ufike ngokukhawuleza.
