Izitulo zePorter: Imvelaphi eyothusayo yesihlalo esiqaqambileyo

Izitulo ezi-Canopied zithwala umdlalo weqonga kunye nomsitho olungele inkosi. UKelly Wearstler, ukumkanikazi obukekayo, uyathanda ukuzisebenzisa kwiivenkile zokutyela, ukongeza umnxeba wothando (imifanekiso 1 & 2). Ndothuswe ke kukufumanisa ukuba ngokwembali, zazisetyenziswa njengezitulo zokuba abagcini beholo bahlale phantsi ngelixa bebukele kwiminyango yamakhaya amakhulu nakwibhotwe - njengamakhansela amiselweyo!

(Ityala lemifanekiso: Unyango lweNdlu)

Izitulo zikaPorter zavela ngenkulungwane ye-16 yeFrance, apho zazisoloko zenziwe ngentonga okanye umsonto, kwaye zazisaziwa njenge iigeyithi (IsiFrentshi somthumeli) enomqolo kunye namacala aphezulu. Ezi zitulo zaziqhele ukusetyenziselwa izinto ezingafunekiyo kunye nabantu abadala ukubakhusela kuyilo (imifanekiso 3 & 4), nangona umbutho wefom kunye negama lomthumeli ucebisa ukuba eyona njongo yabo yayikwabagcini beholo.

Isikhundla esibalulekileyo kumakhaya abo batyebileyo, umgcini-sango weholo wayengumgcini-sango, evuma okanye engavumi ukufowuna ngokusekwe kwimemori yakhe yobuso kunye namagama abantu ababaziyo kumqeshi wakhe, ulwazi lwakhe ngamalungu amkelekileyo oluntu oluphakamileyo, nkqu kulwazi lwakhe lokufunda lweempawu zeklasi nokwahlulahlula. Kwincwadi ka-1857, Umphathi weKhaya, UCharles Pierce ubhala malunga nomphathi weholo:

Ukuba inkosi yayo isisityebi, kwaye inesisa, loo nkosi isetyenziselwa unxunguphalo, abasweleyo, nabakhohlisi… Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ukuba isebenzise imfuneko yokukhangela kwamehlo komceli kunye neliso elinomkhethe, nokuqonda kwakhe nqumama ngaphambi kokufumana ileta okanye uphendule umbuzo.

Ephathiswe indima ebaluleke kangaka kwezokhuseleko nakwimpilo-ntle yabantu awayebakhonza, umgcini-holo weholo kwakulindelwe ukuba agcine isikhundla sakhe maxa onke, ade alale esitulweni sakhe xa kuhlwile, ngamanye amaxesha etya apho, ngokunjalo. Ezinye izitulo zabalindisango zazixhotyiswe ngeedrowa phantsi kwesitulo apho izinto zazinokugcinwa khona, okanye apho kwakufakwa khona amalahle ashushu ukubagcina eshushu (ayedla ngokubekwa kwiiholo zokungena ezibandayo, ezifumileyo). Izitulo ngamanye amaxesha zazineshelufu exhonyiweyo eyayinokuphakanyiswa ebusuku ukuze ibambe ilanteni (usenokukwazi ukuyikhupha kwicala lasekunene lesihlalo kumfanekiso 5).

Izitulo ezininzi zomgcini-zimpahla zazifakwe ii-hood, okanye ubuncinci zazanele, zinamacala aphezulu, ukuze zimkhusele kuyilo (imifanekiso 5-9). Izitulo ezixhonyiweyo kwakucingelwa ukuba ziluncedo ngokuvakalayo, ukwenzela ukunceda umgcini-mnyango ukuba aqaphele kangangoko.

Izitulo zeHall porter zazisele zithathwa njengezidala phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19, kwaye zaphelelwa lixesha ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, enkosi ikakhulu kukuphakama kwesitshixo selokh. Ngokufanelekileyo, inkqubela phambili kulawulo lwemozulu yangaphakathi kwaye ewe inani elinciphayo lamakhaya azele ngabasebenzi banegalelo ekufeni kwesihlalo, ngokunjalo.

Izitulo ze-wicker eziHooded zazikwimo efanelekileyo yelanga kunye nokukhuselwa ngumoya ngaphandle. Ibhitshi laseScheveningen, ngaphandle kweHague, lalidume ngezitulo zaso zaselwandle ezinomfanekiso (umfanekiso 10) de kwaba li-1970. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ezinye iilwandle zaseJamani zisenezihlalo ezinje ngezi (umfanekiso we-11) -ukukhetha okucocekileyo ngemini enomoya.

Unokufumana ngakumbi izitulo zomthuthi wendabuko kwintengiso yezinto zakudala, okanye uzithenge ezintsha kwiindawo ezinje Ukubuyiselwa kweHardware (umfanekiso 12) kunye Ikhaya likaJayson kunye negadi (umfanekiso 13), okanye uhlaziyiwe kwi-idiom yangoku, yangoku Isitayile se studio (umfanekiso 14).

Umthombo: UCharles Pierce, Umphathi weKhaya. ILondon: iRoutledge kunye neCh., 1857. Ukuhamba ngeVia Iincwadi zikaGoogle .

Imifanekiso : 1 & 2 Imifanekiso evela kwivenkile yokutyela eyi-Kelly Wearstler eyenzelwe iBG eBergdorf Goodman, inezitulo ezihlaziyiweyo zomlindisi, nge UKelly Wearstler ; 3 UJacob Jordaens, I-Satyr kunye nabalimi , Flemish, ca. 1620-21, nge I-Wikipedia ; 4 UJacob Jordaens, NjengeNgoma yakudala, injalo iPipe eNcinci , Flemish, ca. 1638-40, nge I-Wikipedia ; 5 Sihlalo womgcini-zithuthi we-Antique ukusuka IHolo yaseAston , isithabathaba sendlu yenkulungwane ye-17 eNgilani; 6 Ngababini bezitulo zesango lomthi weediliya ezithengiswe nge Amacandelo , ivenkile yefenitshala yaseAtlanta, nge Yiba nesidanga esiya kuhamba ; 7 IsiNgesi Regency (ekuqaleni kwe-19 c.) Isitulo sabantu besango eholweni esithengiswa UChristie ngo-1999 ngeedola ezingama-5737; 8 Usihlalo womgcini weholo ukusukela kwinkulungwane yama-20, ethengiswa ngu UChristie ngo-2009 ngama-4362 eedola; 9 Izitulo zeporter zeholo le-wicker zenkulungwane yama-20 ezivela eBreaker, eNewport, eRhode Island UMeghan Mary Morrow ; 10 Umfanekiso we-1906 ovela kulwandle lwaseScheveningen, kufutshane naseHague Hoteli eyonwabileyo ; Shumi elinanye Usihlalo waselwandle wewicker wangoku, nge Sihlalo webhlog ; 12 Sihlalo kaPorter e Ukubuyiselwa kweHardware ; 13 Sihlalo kaPorter ukusuka Ikhaya likaJayson kunye negadi ; 14 Ukuhlaziywa kwefom yesitulo somgcini Isitayile se studio .

U-Anna Hoffman

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