I-1900s nge-1920s yayilixesha lotshintsho olukhulu ekhitshini, kodwa kwade kwaba li-1930 apho ikhitshi laqala ukuthatha ubume bale mihla. Ukucwangciswa kwekhitshi sonke esikwaziyo ngoku, kuneengcambu, njengoyilo lwanamhlanje, kwisikolo saseJamani esaziwa njengeBauhaus.
Njengoko benditshilo kwiposti yam yokugqibela, nge uyilo lwekhitshi ukusuka nge-1900 ukuya kwi-1920s , phambi kwee-1930s iikhitshi ezininzi zazinendawo encinci kakhulu yokugcina eyakhelweyo okanye indawo yokusebenza kwaphela. Indlu inokuza ixhotyiswe ngesinki, isitovu, mhlawumbi ikhabinethi yasechina, kwaye umninikhaya kwafuneka anike ezinye. Kwakukho urhwebo oluqhubela phambili kwiikhabhathi zasekhitshini ezizimeleyo, ezazibonelela ngokugcina kunye nendawo yokusebenza. Nakwi-1920s, xa abakhi baqala ukongeza iikhabhathi ezakhiweyo ekhitshini, ukuphakama kweetheyitile kwakukude kumgangatho ofanayo, kwaye uhlala ubona iindawo eziphakamileyo ezininzi ekhitshini elinye.
Gcina Ncamathisela Bona eminye imifanekiso (Ityala lemifanekiso: Uhlobo lwasekhaya lweAntique )
Xa kuthelekiswa neekhitshi ze-20s, iikhitshi ezingama-30 zazibonakala ngokumangalisayo njengabazala babo banamhlanje. Kule khitshi ye-1930s (ikwakhokela umfanekiso ongentla), ibonwe kuyo Uhlobo lwasekhaya lweAntique , Iikhabhathi ezakhiweyo zonganyelwa ziindawo zokubala ezingaphazanyiswanga. Isitovu kunye nesinki zidityanisiwe kwi-countertop (kunye nokugcinwa kwebhodi yokusika encomekayo endingenakucinga ukuba nayo endlwini yam).
Ithetha ntoni i-555 kumanani eengelosi
Gcina Ncamathisela Bona eminye imifanekiso (Ityala lemifanekiso: Uhlobo lwasekhaya lweAntique )
Imiba embalwa incedisile ekufakweni kwekhitshi njengoko sisazi ngoku. Ikhitshi, elalisakuba sisizinda sabakhonzi, laqala ukutsala umdla wabayili njengoko uncedo lwasekhaya lwalungaqhelekanga kwaye abafazi abakumgangatho ophakathi baqala ukuchitha ixesha elininzi ekhitshini labo. Kwangelo xesha, bekukho ukugxila okwandileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle. Ukufaka ubuchule kwimveliso yezemveliso, bekucingelwa, kulungelelanisa umsebenzi wasekhitshini kunye nokuvumela abasetyhini ukuba bachithe ixesha labo elincinci emsebenzini. Ukwanda kwamashishini kwenza ukuba kube lula, kwaye kwanokunqweneleka, ukuba izixhobo zombane kunye neekhabhathi zenziwe kumgangatho ofanayo.
Gcina Ncamathisela Bona eminye imifanekiso (Ityala lemifanekiso: Uhlobo lweKhaya laseMid Century )
UChristine Frederick, incwadi yakhe Ubunjineli bendlu: uLawulo lwezeNzululwazi eKhaya eyapapashwa ngo-1919, yayingumcebisi wokuqala wokusebenza kakuhle ekhaya. Iingcebiso zakhe zoyilo lwekhitshi zazijolise ekuphuculeni inkangeleko yekhitshi, kodwa umsebenzi wayo - umzekelo, ukubeka iikhabhathi zesitya kanye ecaleni kwesinki ukugcina amanyathelo ngelixa ubeka izinto kude. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, uLillian Gilbreth, injineli kunye nesayikholojisti owayesebenza kwizifundo zokuhamba ezijolise ekwandiseni ukusebenza kweenkqubo zorhwebo, wajonga ekhitshini. Uvelise umbono wokuba 'unxantathu osebenzayo' (owenziwe ngesinki, ifriji, kunye nesitovu), esisakhokela uyilo lwekhitshi nanamhlanje.
Ingelosi inombolo ye-111 enentsingiselo
→ Unxantathu Womsebenzi: Intsomi Yoyilo Lwekhitshi Eliphelelwe Lixesha okanye Kufuneka Ube Nalo?
Gcina Ncamathisela Bona eminye imifanekiso (Ityala lemifanekiso: I-Arch yemihla ngemihla )
Iimbono zaba bafazi babini zazinempembelelo kwisizukulwana sabaqulunqi baseJamani, abathi, bexhokonxwa yimvakalelo yabo yokucoceka, uyilo olunyanisekileyo olubhengeza umsebenzi wabo ngokucacileyo, bafuna ukwenza ikhitshi elingasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo kuphela kodwa wajonga ngokufanelekileyo ngokunjalo. Ngo-1923, uGeorge Muche no-Adolf Meyer, abayili ababini kwisikolo saseJamani iBauhaus, benza i-Haus am Horn, ikhaya eliyimodeli eline khitshi, nangona lineminyaka eli-100 ubudala. Konke kulapho: iitafile ezimtyibilizi, ezinemilinganiselo, iikhabhathi ezifanayo, isitovu esihlala kakuhle phantsi kwekhawuntari.
Gcina Ncamathisela Bona eminye imifanekiso (Ityala lemifanekiso: Nks )
Ngo-1927, uMargarete Schutte Lihotzky, owasetyhini wokuqala ukuba afaneleke njengomyili wezakhiwo kwilizwe lakhe laseOstriya, wakha kwaye wandisa kwizimvo zekhitshi laseBauhaus ngokuyila kwakhe ikhitshi laseFrankfurt, eyilelwe ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezitsha zabasebenzi kuloo dolophu. . Ikhitshi laseFrankfurt, nangona lalilincinci, lalizele zizinto ezibambekayo ezazenzelwe ukunciphisa umthwalo wokugcina amakhaya, kubandakanya ibhodi yoku-ayina esongiweyo, idreyini yokufaka isitya esineendonga, kunye nemigqomo yealuminiyam yempahla eyomileyo, eyayinezibambo kunye neziqholo zokugalela. . Ikhitshi laseFrankfurt lalinempembelelo enkulu kuyilo lwekhitshi olulandelayo: njengomzekelo weBauhaus, kubonakala ngathi yeyangoku, nangona kufudumele ngakumbi (kunye nombala). Into enomdla kukuba, ikhitshi laseFrankfurt alizanga nefriji, ekucingelwa ukuba yinto egqithisileyo kwindawo apho abantu basathenga yonke imihla.
Ithetha ntoni i-999 kwibhayibhile
Gcina Ncamathisela Bona eminye imifanekiso (Ityala lemifanekiso: Ubomi )
Ngeminyaka yoo-1930, iintengiso zasekhitshini, ukuba ayizizo ezokwenyani, zaqala ukubonakalisa ubuchule obutsha kwikhitshi ‘elungisiweyo’. Ngomnyaka ka 1943 inkampani yaseLibbey-Owens-Ford yaphakamisa u-H.Creston Dohner ukuba ayile ikhitshi eliyimodeli, elibizwa ngokuba yi ‘Kitchen of Tomorrow’. Iboniswe kwiivenkile ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke ilizwe, yabonwa ngabantu abaqikelelwa kwisigidi esi-1.5.
Gcina Ncamathisela Bona eminye imifanekiso (Ityala lemifanekiso: Uhlobo lweKhaya laseMid Century )
Nangona ezinye zezinto ezintsha, njengomakhi owenziwe ngaphakathi kunye nesinki esisebenza ngeenyawo, ayikhange ibambe, iKhitshi Lakusasa lincedile ekusekeni umbono weBauhaus weetheyitile ezingapheliyo, eziqhubekayo njengomgangatho wekhitshi yanamhlanje. Ewe kunjalo, oku kwakungathethi ukuba abantu bayaphuma bayokutshintsha iikhitshi zabo zokupheka kwangoko. Kodwa ukusweleka kwakuphoselwe-inkangeleko entsha yekhitshi yayisekiwe, kwaye kwakungekho kubuya mva.
Gcina Ncamathisela Bona eminye imifanekiso (Ityala lemifanekiso: Uhlobo lweKhaya laseMid Century )
Ukuqhubeka ufunda:
- Ukwenziwa kwekhitshi langoku: Imbali yeNkcubeko
- Ikhitshi laseMelika: 1700 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku: Ukusuka kwintliziyo ukuya ekuPhakameni
- Xa i-Modernism ingena kwiKhitshi ukusuka kuPhononongo lweeNcwadi eNew York
Intsingiselo ye-10: 10
