Wamkelekile kwiVeki yeScandi-Therapy ye-Apartment Therapy yeentsuku ezisixhenxe kuyo yonke into yaseScandinavia (ehlala ichazwa njengamazwe aseSweden, eDenmark naseNorway). Ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala ngathi ilizwe liphela lithe phithi kukuzama ukukopa le kona yomhlaba, ukusuka kwisitayile sayo esingaphelelwa lixesha kubuhle bayo obaziwayo ngoku. Kule veki izayo, siza kujonga kuyo yonke-ukucoca, inkcubeko ye-pop, kwaye kunjalo iitoni zokuphefumlelwa koyilo. Tsala ingubo kwaye ufumane hygge nathi.
Gcina Ncamathisela Bona eminye imifanekiso (Ityala lemifanekiso: Unyango lweNdlu)
Ngo-2012, ndandineminyaka engama-28 ubudala, ndingatshatanga, ndisebenza ndedwa, kwaye ndisikelelwe ngokudityaniswa kubomi obabusemva kwexesha lokudodobala kwezemali kwintengiso yezindlu eyayingekabuyeli emva, amaxabiso enzala asezantsi ngokwembali, amanqaku apheleleyo , kunye nelifa elivela kootatomkhulu noomakhulu elalingobungakanani nje obufanelekileyo bokuhlawulwa ngelo xesha. Ndifumene intle, ii-1920s, i-1,200 isikwere sonyawo, igumbi lokulala elinamagumbi amabini e-Oakland, eCalifornia, enamathambo amakhulu kunye nomthi weMeyer iLemon emva kwendlu eyayifuna ukupeyinta (iindonga zazingafakwanga zimbini, kodwa zazingumthungo wentsimbi Ndiyithengile). Ndiceba ukuhlala apho iminyaka eli-10 ubuncinci.
Ngenxa yokuba indalo iphela ihleka ngezicwangciso, unyaka onesiqingatha kamva ndadibana nendoda entle yaseSweden eyayiseMelika kwisifundo sonyaka omnye esabekayo emsebenzini. Ukugqibelela kwethu kuba akukho namnye kuthi ofuna nantoni na enobuhlobo obukhawulezileyo oguquke waba sisicelo sevisa yaseSweden kwaye ndenze i-bungalow entle ukuba ikulungele ukuthengisa. Kwiminyaka emithathu emva kokuthenga indlu yam yokuqala, ndandithenga indlu yam yokuqala yaseSweden — iflethi enamagumbi okulala angama-710 ubude, kwigumbi elinye lokulala eStockholm. Kwaye ngoku, kwiminyaka emithathu emva kokuyithenga loo nto, ndizifumana nditshatile, ndomelele kubemi be-DINK, kwaye ndikwimarike kwakhona ngento enkulu.
Ithetha ukuthini i-444
Ke, ukuthenga eSweden kwahluke njani kune-US? Ngandlela thile akunjalo konke konke, kwaye ngezinye iindlela, kwahluke kakhulu. Umqolomba omkhulu apha ucacile: Amava am okuthenga ekhaya e-US asekwe ngokupheleleyo eSan Francisco Bay Area, eyona ndawo ikhethekileyo kwaye ibiza kakhulu kwintengiso yezindlu. Kwaye amava am eSweden asekwe embindini weStockholm (ngakumbi eSödermalm), ikwindawo ekhethekileyo, ebiza kakhulu kwintengiso yezindlu. Ndisoloko ndihlekisa ndim kuphela umphambukeli eSweden owayejonga eStockholm kwaye wacinga, huh, amaxabiso awalunganga kakhulu apha! Kodwa xa kuthelekiswa ne-Bay Area-ziyafikeleleka. Okwangoku, ixabiso eliphakathi eStockholm lijikelezile I-SEK engama-86,000 kwimitha nganye nganye , okanye i-883 yeedola ngonyawo wesikwere. Ukuthelekisa, ixabiso eliphakathi eSan Francisco lijikeleze I-107,100 SEK ngeemitha zesikwere, okanye I-1,100 yeedola ngonyawo wesikwere !
E-Stockholm nakwimimandla eyingqongileyo, izindlu kunye nezindlu zincinci. Amagumbi acinga ubukhulu beNew York ngakumbi kuneeflethi ezinkulu eChicago naseCalifornia. Ngokungafaniyo neNew York, izindlu zaseSweden zicwangciswe kakuhle ukwandisa indawo. Indawo yethu yangoku eStockholm ithathwa njengenkulu kakhulu kwigumbi lokulala elinye, kodwa yenye yezona ndawo zincinci ndakhe ndahlala kuzo. i-US:
1. Awunayo iarhente yakho yezindlu
E-US, enye yezinto zokuqala ezenziwa ngabantu xa beqala ukuzingela indlu kukufumana iarhente yokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba umsebenzi wazo ukukunceda ufumane indawo efanelekileyo yokuthenga, ulungiselele ibhidi yakho, kwaye uthethathethane egameni lakho ngexesha lokuthengiselana ngokusemthethweni. Kodwa eSweden, akukho brokers zabathengi. Wena indlu / indlu yokuzingela ngokwakho kwaye ubeke iibhidi ngokuthe ngqo kumthengisi womthengisi. Umthengisi umthengisi ke umele amaqela omabini kwinxalenye esemthethweni yentengiselwano. Umrhwebi wam wangoku (umthengisi), Youssef Bakali we-Innerstadsspecialisten, undicacisele ukuba ngokusemthethweni, iarhente iyafuneka ukuba iqinisekise ukuba isivumelwano sinenzuzo ngokulinganayo kuwo omabini amacala. Ekuphela kwento eguqukayo kumthengisi kukuba iarhente inyanzelekile ukuba ifumane elona xabiso lilungileyo kubo. Kuba uninzi lwamagumbi okuthengisa luthengiswa kwinkqubo yokubhida evulekileyo ngokumangalisayo (okuza ngakumbi koku), oku kufezekiswa ngokwendalo.
2. Kukho umgaqo ngakumbi wabarhwebi
Amaphepha-mvume afuna imfundo yaseyunivesithi iminyaka emithathu elandelwa yinkqubo yoqeqesho yeeveki ezili-10, ekugqityweni kwayo onokufaka isicelo kwibhodi elawulwa ngurhulumente yelayisenisi yakho emva koko ufumane umsebenzi.
3. Inye kuphela into enoluhlu lodweliso lwenkonzo kwilizwe liphela
Ukuncedisa ukuzingela indlu ngenxalenye yezinto, kukho enye indawo enkulu yenkonzo ye-intanethi: iHemnet (inguqulelo yokoqobo: umnatha wasekhaya). Yindibaniselwano yamashishini amaninzi abarhwebi kwaye ithengisa malunga neepesenti ezingama-98 zoluhlu lwezindlu kunye nomhlaba eSweden. Nguye kuphela umdlalo… kwilizwe. Iiarhente zezindlu ezithengisa izindlu zinoluhlu kwiziza zazo, kwaye kukho inguqulelo yaseSweden yeCraigslist (ebizwa ngokuba yiBlocket) kodwa ukuba awuthengisi ikhaya lakho kwintengiso, izakuqhubeka eHemnet. Kukho zombini iwebhu kunye nohlobo lwenkqubo, kwaye ikuvumela ukuba usete ukucoca okunenkcukacha kunye namanqanaba amaninzi ezilumkiso kunye noluhlu- olufana kakhulu neZillow. Njengabalingane bam baseMelika, ngokuqinisekileyo ndingumlutha weHemnet. Ndiyayijonga xa ndikhangela indawo yokuhlala-njengoko ndinjalo ngoku-kodwa naxa ndingekho.
3:33 ingelosi
Inkqubo yokubhida inokhuphiswano ngakumbi
Wenza iibhidi zakho ngexesha lokwenyani, ubukhulu becala ngokubhaliweyo. Endlwini evulekileyo, ubhalisa kuluhlu olunenombolo yakho yefowuni. Ngomso olandelayo, iarhente iya kuqala ukufowuna ijikeleza icela iibhidi. Xa umntu wokuqala ebhida, wonke umntu kuluhlu ufumana isicatshulwa esithi isixa sebhidi esivela kwiBhidi. 1. Abanye abaniki maxabiso banokuthi emva koko babhalele okanye batsalele umnxeba iarhente ukuba ifake ibhidi encinci eyonyukayo-ihlala ibhidi ikho ukusuka kwi-10,000 SEK (malunga ne-1,100 I-USD) ukuya kwi-50,000 SEK (i-5,000 yeedola), nangona nangaliphi na ixesha kumdlalo, iibhidi zinokutsiba i-100,000 SEK.
Ayisiyombhalo weqela-uthumela umyalezo ngqo kumrhwebi kwaye umrhwebi wazisa wonke umntu xa ibhidi ehambayo inyusiwe. Oku kuyaqhubeka kangangeentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintlanu kude kubekho umthengi omnye kuphela omileyo omileyo. Ibhidi ephumeleleyo iya kuba yi-5 ukuya kwi-20 yepesenti ngaphezulu kwexabiso loluhlu. Ukugqibela kwethu ukuthenga indlu, iibhidi ezamkelweyo zihlala ziipesenti ezingama-20 ngaphezulu kwexabiso elifunwayo. Ngoku, kwimakethi ethe chu, uluhlu lwamaxabiso asondele kwiibhidi ezamkelweyo.
Inkqubo iyasoyikisa kakhulu, njengoko ungazi ukuba abanye abantu bazimisele kangakanani ukuya. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo e-US apho ulahla nje isibonelelo esinye kwaye uwele umnwe ukuba ngowona uphakamileyo (nokuba yi-100,000 yeedola ngaphezulu kunabantu abahlanu abalandelayo), eSweden, uqinisekile ukuba uhlawula ixabiso lentengiso kuba kukho ukungafihli kwinkqubo yokubhida. Ngokubanzi ndiyithanda ngakumbi inkqubo yokubhida yaseSweden ngenxa yoku, kodwa abantu abakhuphisana kakhulu nabanobunzima bokuyeka abanako ukwenza kakuhle nayo.
5. Alikho ixesha elininzi phakathi kokwenza isithembiso kunye nokusayina ikhontrakthi
Ngokwesiqhelo, ikhontrakthi isayinwa kube kanye ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuphela kokubhida. Yenziwe ngawo onke amaqela ngobuqu kwiofisi yomthengisi, kwaye ithatha iyure okanye ezimbini. Nangona ixesha lesivumelwano lifutshane, kuthatha ixesha elide ukufumana indlu okanye indawo yokuhlala-umgangatho umalunga neenyanga ezintathu, unike okanye uthathe, apho ulinde wonke umntu ukuba aphume kwindawo yakhe. Xa usuku lokufika selufikile, uphinda uhlangane kwiofisi yomrhwebi, utyikitye isivumelwano sokugqibela, ulinde imali ukuba icingo phakathi kweebhanki, kwaye ufumane izitshixo! Sifudukele kwigumbi lethu ngoku ngala mini sasihlala nayo.
6. Iindawo zokuhlala azivavanywanga ngokusesikweni ubukhulu becala
Iiflethi kuphela kunqabile ukuba zibe nohlolo olusesikweni (zixhaphake kakhulu ezindlwini) kwaye umthengi unezizathu ezimbalwa kakhulu zokuba angasophula isivumelwano emva kokutyikitya. Umthengisi uya kubonelela ngenkcazo ebhaliweyo ebhaliweyo kwaye uyakuveza nantoni na malunga nepropathi umthengi ekufuneka eyazi, kodwa indlu evulekileyo ihlala yanele njengovavanyo olubonakalayo oluvela kumthengi. Ukuba kukho into eza kuvela yahlukile kunaleyo ichaziweyo (into ekuthiwa sisiphoso esifihliweyo, okt ayibonakali emehlweni) kwisithuba sexesha elifanelekileyo, bobabini umthengi kunye nomthengisi baya kusebenza nomthengisi ukusombulula umba, isitayile sokulamla. Ihlala ithathwa njengokulula ngokusemthethweni ukuthatha ikhaya kwaye emva koko uthengise kunokuba uzame ukubuyela emva kokusayina ikhontrakthi.
7. Intengiso eStockholm ihamba ngokukhawuleza
Ubuncinci kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, kuya kufuneka ukulungele ukubhobhoza xa uthenga indlu. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo: Isibhengezo sonyuka siye eHemnet ekupheleni kweveki, indlu evulekileyo yenzeka ngeCawa elandelayo nangoMvulo ngokuhlwa, iibhidi ziqala ngolwesiBini, kwaye iikhontrakthi zihlala zisayinwa ngoLwesihlanu, ukuba ayingoLwesithathu emva kwemini. Yiyo iiveki ezimbini ubuninzi! Ngokwesiqhelo, kuya kufuneka uthathe isigqibo sokuthenga ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-48 emva kokuchitha ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-30 kwigumbi lokulala.
lithini inani lothixo
8. Ubambiso lobambiso eSweden nalo lwahluke ngokupheleleyo
Iminyaka yobudala engama-30 yaseMelika ebambekayo ebambisa ngempahla engabanjwanga apha. Phantse wonke umntu unamaxabiso adadayo okanye ulungisa ireyithi yabo iminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu ngexesha, uninzi. Ukuhlawulwa komgangatho osezantsi sele kuyipesenti ye-10. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo e-US, uninzi lwabantu e-Stockholm alunanjongo yokuhlawula ubambiso lwabo xa bethenga indlu-ayisiyophupha nje eli yinxalenye yenkcubeko ngendlela eyiyo e-US eyathi, ukuqala ngo Ngo-2016, umthetho omtsha wawukho udlulile , Ukunyanzela abaseSweden ukuba benze indlela ephambili ekuhlawuleni imali mboleko yabo. Ngoku uyacelwa ukuba uhlawule (okanye uhlawule) ipesenti enye yemali mboleko yakho unyaka nonyaka ukuba uxhasa imali ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-50 zexabiso lepropathi. Ukuba uxhasa imali ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-70, kuya kufuneka uhlawule iipesenti ezimbini zemali mboleko ngonyaka. Ukuba ixabiso lobambiso lingaphezulu kwamaxesha ama-4.5 kumvuzo wakho wonyaka, kuya kufuneka uhlawule ipesenti ezintathu zexabiso ngonyaka.
9. Awunayo indlu yakho
Ubunini bendlu yaseSweden (bostadsrätt) ifana kakhulu nolwakhiwo lwe-co-op yaseMelika kunesakhiwo se-condo-awuyiyo eyakho indlu, kunokuba ungumnikazi wesakhiwo, kunye nelungelo lokuhlala kwiyunithi yakho. Uhlawula nemirhumo ye-HOA / co-op (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-BRF avgift). Kwigumbi lokulala elinamagumbi amabini eCentral Stockholm, ubuya kuhlawula phakathi kwe-200 kunye ne-500 yeedola ngenyanga. Imirhumo igubungela izinto ezinjengamanzi, inkunkuma, intambo, kunye nobushushu, ukongeza kulondolozo lwezakhiwo.
10. Ukuvunywa kweBhanki kukhawuleza kakhulu
NjengaseMelika, ibhanki ikwamkela kwangaphambili isixa esithile ngaphambi kokuba uthenge. Kodwa nje ukuba ufumane isibonelelo esamkelweyo kwindlu, ibhanki ngokukhawuleza kwaye iphinda iyamkele imali mboleko yakho (ngesiqhelo kwifowuni okanye kwi-intanethi) yokuthenga ngaphambi kokuba usayine ikhontrakthi- bafuna ukuqiniseka ukuba awuhlawuli kakhulu izinga lentengiso lekhaya lakho okanye ukuthenga ngaphezulu kwendlu onokufikelela kuyo.
Isishwankathelo:
Ndicinga ukuba inkqubo yokuthenga ekhaya eSweden ihambelana noko ndikufundileyo malunga nenkcubeko yaseSweden kule minyaka mine idlulileyo: Ithintelwe ngakumbi kwaye ijolise kubulungisa nakwindlela yokuziphatha, kwaye iyonke incinci. Amaqela awangqinelani kwaye kukho indlela ethe kratya yeziphene ezinokubakho kuwo wonke umntu. Ukuba kukho into enye malunga nabaseSweden onokuthi wenze ngokubanzi, kukuba abathandi ukwenza ingxwabangxwaba kwaye balungile ekulandeleni imigaqo-ndityhola (okanye ityala) ulwakhiwo kunye namava eqela afaka abantwana ekugcinweni kwemini.
Intsingiselo yenani leengelosi ezili-111
Konke oku kuthethwayo, i-U.S. Yaziva ikhuselekile kum njengomthengi wokuqala kuba bendinenkxaso ye-arhente yam endikwaziyo ukuyikhetha kwaye ndihlawulwe ukukhusela umdla wam. Ngokukodwa njengeekhontrakthi zezindlu nomhlaba zaseMelika zide kwaye zintsonkothe kakhulu. Njengomntu waseMelika-okwayintombi yegqwetha-bendihlala ndiqeqeshelwa ukuphuma kwindlela yam ukukhusela iimfuno zam. Kwakunzima ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo-kwaye kulungile kunye nokucinga ukuba umdla womntu wonke ukhuselekile.
Ekugqibeleni, kukho enye idinomineyitha eqhelekileyo phakathi kokuthenga ikhaya eMelika, eSweden, okanye nyhani naphina emhlabeni: Kusenokwenzeka ukuba lelona lizwe likhulu kwezemali, kwaye uninzi lotyalo-mali oluhlawuliswe ngokweemvakalelo uninzi lwabantu olwenzileyo.
